Lidong, also known as the “Beginning of Winter,” is the 19th solar term in the traditional Chinese calendar and is celebrated between November 7-8 each year. This important solar term marks a transition in both climate and the natural world. As the handle of the Big Dipper points to the northwest and the sun reaches a solar meridian of 225°, Lidong signifies the official start of winter in the 24 Solar Terms. Its name combines “Li” (beginning) and “Dong” (winter), indicating the onset of colder weather and the symbolic retreat of life as all living things enter a period of rest.
The Significance of Lidong in Chinese Culture
For centuries, Lidong has held special meaning in Chinese culture, symbolizing the seasonal shift from a bountiful harvest to a period of dormancy. In ancient agrarian societies, Lidong marked a time to prepare for colder days, reflecting the rhythms of nature and agricultural practices. Traditionally, people would gather together, feast on warming foods, and celebrate the start of winter, appreciating the stillness that the season brings. These customs also reflect a deep respect for nature’s cycles, encouraging people to harmonize with the seasons.
How Seasonal Division Methods Define Winter
In China, two main methods are used to determine the onset of winter: the “solar term method” and the “temperature method.” Each offers a distinct perspective on when winter begins.
The Solar Term Method
According to the traditional “solar term method,” Lidong marks the beginning of winter. In this context, winter signifies a time when all life begins to slow down, with plants and animals entering a state of rest. In ancient times, this natural dormancy symbolized the need for humans to also conserve energy and resources, preparing for the colder months. This method aligns with the agricultural calendar and has been widely observed in China for centuries.
The Temperature Method
In contrast, the “temperature method” uses actual temperature data to define winter’s arrival. According to this approach, winter is said to begin when the daily average temperature drops below 10°C (50°F) for five consecutive days. This scientifically grounded approach is practical, as it reflects actual weather patterns. Under the temperature method, winter is defined not only by symbolic traditions but by measurable changes in the climate, marking the arrival of colder, more challenging weather.
Climate Changes During Lidong
Lidong brings a noticeable shift in climate, as the season transitions from the mild, often rainy days of autumn to the colder, drier conditions of winter. This solar term often signals a drop in temperatures, with increased likelihood of frost and the arrival of more overcast days. In northern regions, early snowfalls might also begin around Lidong, while southern areas experience cool, crisp air. This seasonal change affects agriculture, as farmers complete their harvests and prepare fields for the next planting cycle in spring.
Traditional Lidong Customs and Celebrations
The arrival of Lidong is marked by various customs that celebrate the beginning of winter. People often eat warming foods such as dumplings, lamb soup, and ginger-infused dishes to build up energy and fortify the body against the cold. In some regions, it’s customary to make dumplings on Lidong, a practice thought to prevent frostbite and provide comfort as temperatures drop. These traditions emphasize warmth and nourishment, helping people physically and spiritually prepare for winter.
Conclusion
Lidong, the Beginning of Winter, is a cherished solar term in the Chinese calendar that bridges the colorful harvest season with the quiet dormancy of winter. Through ancient methods like the “solar term method” and “temperature method,” Lidong reminds us of the importance of aligning our lives with nature’s cycles. With traditional foods, celebrations, and a respect for the stillness that winter brings, Lidong is a time for reflection, conservation, and preparation, welcoming the colder months with wisdom and warmth.
